@article { author = {Abo Taleb, Ahmed Y. and El-sayed,, Hala S. and Yassin, H. A.}, title = {ANALYSIS OF A PRACTICAL QUAD COPTER ROBOT USING LINEAR QUADRATIC REGULATOR CONTROLLER}, journal = {ERJ. Engineering Research Journal}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {89-98}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-1180}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/erjm.2016.66377}, abstract = {This paper aims to evaluate a practical implementation of an efficient control system for a quad copter robot under Linear Quadratic Regulator. Simulation results are conducted using Matlab\ Simulink. Experimental results with different values of Euler angles demonstrated that the Linear Quadratic Regulator controller provide a robust, versatile and easy implementable controller system}, keywords = {Quad-rotor helicopter,Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller,Matlab Simulink}, url = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66377.html}, eprint = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66377_bc1dd27ff4e7b4dd4f4f192cb2ece621.pdf} } @article { author = {Mahfouz, M.M.A.}, title = {GRID CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING USING FUZZY FOR DC-DC BOOST CONVERTER AND THREE PHASE INVERTER}, journal = {ERJ. Engineering Research Journal}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {99-106}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-1180}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/erjm.2016.66378}, abstract = {Photovoltaic solar electricity and solar thermal has the highest potential of all the renewable energies, since solar energy is a practically unlimited resource and available everywhere. These days photovoltaic energy has the potential to play an important role in the transition towards a sustainable energy supply system, to cover a significant share of the electricity needs, and is expected to be one of the key energy technologies of this century. This paper presents a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system with the functionality of on-line Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) at different irradiation and temperatures. The used Simulation data characteristics for climatic changes is similarly to the real Egyptian climatic data. The integration topology based on two-stage power conditioning modules, boost converter and three phase voltage source inverter. Therefore, the proposed MPPT algorithm implemented to the boost converter to enable PV arrays to operate at maximum power point during variable climate and irradiation conditions. Fuzzy logic algorithm (MPPT) technique control applied for on-line adapting the boost converter’s duty cycle. The Boost output is feeding the two level PWM inverter DC link. Accordingly, the Inverter modulation depth is tuning to have constant AC voltage and frequency for grid integration requirements. In addition, the three-phase output current is in phase with the voltage to optimize the PV power utilization .The results show that proposed on-line fuzzy algorithm performance has a fast response, stable and reliable to have MPP for the PV system during the different irradiation.}, keywords = {PV array,Maximum power point,DC/DC boost converter,Voltage source inverter}, url = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66378.html}, eprint = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66378_1b49c6c58f5eb8ace6e1d3f0b3812ac5.pdf} } @article { author = {Elkholy, Mahmoud M.}, title = {OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE OF SELF EXCITED INDUCTION GENERATOR USING TEACHING LEARNING-BASED OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM AND STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR}, journal = {ERJ. Engineering Research Journal}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {107-118}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-1180}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/erjm.2016.66379}, abstract = {The paper presents an application of Teaching Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm to improve the performance of self-excited induction generators (SEIG). Two control methods of SEIG have been studied. The first method, the TLBO algorithm is applied to generate the optimal capacitance to maintain rated voltage with constant prime mover speed. The drawback of this method is the generator frequency decreases with load and to overcome this disadvantage, the other control method is proposed. In the proposed method, the TLBO is used to obtain optimal capacitance and prime mover speed to have rated load voltage and frequency. The Static VAR Compensator (SVC) of fixed capacitor and controlled reactor is used to control the reactive power. The parameters of SVC are obtained by using TLBO algorithm. The performance of the SEIG at different loads and prime mover speeds using TLBO algorithm is realized. A whole system of three phase induction generator and SVC is established under MatLab/Simulink environment. The performance of the SEIG is demonstrated on two different ratings (i.e. 10 hp and 2hp). An experimental setup is built-up using a 2 hp induction motor to confirm the theoretical analysis. Good agreement between results confirms and signifies the viability of the proposed TLBO-based methodology.}, keywords = {Self-excited induction generators,constant voltage,constant frequency,Static VAR Compensator,teaching learning based optimization}, url = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66379.html}, eprint = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66379_3dfcf66fa0c26b28e25f1f141447fac6.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Ela, A. A. Abou and Allam, S. M. and Somat, H. R.}, title = {OPTIMAL PLANNING WITH WIND ENERGY FOR A NEW CITY IN EGYPT}, journal = {ERJ. Engineering Research Journal}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {119-128}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-1180}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/erjm.2016.66380}, abstract = {This paper presents the load forecasting of a new city using the conventional techniques such as extrapolation of trend curves and modern techniques of load forecasting such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. A comparison between different wind generator modes (WGMs) as related to the technical and economical sides is presented. The optimal WGM is chosen for designing the wind farm at the Borg El-Arab site which has a new city in Egypt.}, keywords = {Long-term load forecasting,Genetic algorithm (GA),Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique,Wind Farm Design}, url = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66380.html}, eprint = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66380_64b51b7a2c91d3911162d03c4c52e34e.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Ela, A. A. Abou and Allam, S. M. and Somat, H. R.}, title = {IMPACT OF WIND ENERGY INTEGRRATION ON ECONOMIC AND RELIABLE OPERATION OF ELECTRICAL NETWORS}, journal = {ERJ. Engineering Research Journal}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {129-138}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-1180}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/erjm.2016.66381}, abstract = {In this paper, an integration of a wind farm designed at the installation site of a new city with conventional power generation (CPG) is presented. Two scenarios are suggested to integrate this wind farm with CPG. The impact of this integration on the economic operation of the electrical network is studied using two proposed scenarios. Also, the impact of this integration on the reliable operation of the electrical network is introduced. A long-term load forecasting of the Egyptian electrical network is presented to be helpful in introducing the impact of wind farm integration on the reliable operation of the electrical network. The impact of wind energy integration on economic and reliable operation of electrical networks is applied to the new Borg El-Arab city in Egypt. The results show the capability of the two proposed scenarios.}, keywords = {Economic Operation,Wind Farms,Conventional Power Generation,Interconnection of Power Networks,Reliability and Long-Term Load Forecasting}, url = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66381.html}, eprint = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66381_6b5aaab2ea9226011e59074ac46c57d4.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Monaem, A. O .Abd and Alghalban, A. R. and Mahfouz, F. and Farag, E. H.}, title = {THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND PARAMETRIC STUDY OF PARALLEL FEED MED-TVC DESALINATION SYSTEM}, journal = {ERJ. Engineering Research Journal}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {139-154}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-1180}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/erjm.2016.66382}, abstract = {Multi Effect Desalination with Thermal Vapor Compression (MED-TVC) is one of the most effective desalination methods. It plays a vital role in the production of fresh water in many regions of the world especially in the Arabian countries. Parallel feed MED-TVC system has been modeled mathematically based on the first and second laws of Thermodynamics. A computer program has been developed using MATLAB program to simulate the system. A comparison between the program results and the data of actual plants has been conducted to verify the program’s validity. The deviation between Model results and actual data has been found to be very small. The main design parameters that greatly influence the performance of MED-TVC plant have been identified. A parametric study has been carried out to investigate the effect of these parameters on the gain Ratio (GR), specific heat transfer area (SHTA) and specific total exergy destruction (STED). The obtained results indicated that the GR increases with increasing each of number of effects (NE), last effect temperature, salt concentration up to 2, and motive steam pressure. The SHTA increases with decreasing the top brine temperature (TBT) and/or motive steam pressure, while the SHTA decreases with increasing each of NE, the last effect temperature, and the salt concentration ratio. Moreover, the study has shown that STED increases with decreasing NE and/or TBT and increasing the motive steam pressure. The total and subsystems exergy losses of MED-TVC desalination system have been evaluated. The results show that the higher percentage of exergy destruction occurs in the ejector, which represents about 60% of the total exergy destruction. Meanwhile, the exergy destruction inside effects itself represents about 33% of the total exergy destruction in MED-TVC system.}, keywords = {MED-TVC,Mathematical Modeling,exergy analysis,parametric study}, url = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66382.html}, eprint = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66382_eba59b058ccb960021750bdecfbb4a57.pdf} } @article { author = {Hammad, Farid A. and Gadallah, Aly H. and El-Shenawy, E. A. and Zyada, Zakarya A.}, title = {EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF THE INTERNAL TWO-PHASE FLOW AND THE BUBBLE SIZE ON THE EFFERVESCENT SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS}, journal = {ERJ. Engineering Research Journal}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {155-167}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-1180}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/erjm.2016.66383}, abstract = {Reducing the pressurized atomizing gas in the effervescent atomizers with keeping fine spray is a desirable aim. This experimental study focuses on improving the characteristics of the effervescent spray (i.e. drop size and spray cone angle); while an "in-out" gas injection configuration atomizer operates under low gas-to-liquid ratios (GLR). These important characteristics are mainly affected by the internal two-phase flow pattern. Wherefore, shadowgraphy is utilized for visualizing and investigating the internal two-phase flow pattern directly upstream the exit orifice. The atomizer is operated at air gauge pressure of 0.6 Mpa and GLRs of (0.71% – 5.74%). For controlling the internal flow at the operating GLRs, two novel bubble breakers (BB) are designed and tested. The bubble breakers are fixed in the mixing chamber to affect the bubble size. The shadowgraph technique is utilized for visualizing and quantifying bubbles inside the atomizer, spray characteristics and the near nozzle spray. From the visualization and results, the internal two-phase flow patterns inside the mixing chamber vary from bubbly flow at the lowest three GLRs to a bubble-annular flow at the largest GLR, passing through an unsteady transition stage between these two patterns. Also, it is observed that the bubble breakers efficiently disintegrate large bubbles; the largest reduction percentage in the bubble size is 75.63% for the case of flat end BB at GLR of 2.21%. Also, the results showed that the drop size and spray cone angle are strongly affected by the bubble size (i.e. the internal flow structure) subsequently the presence of the bubble breakers. The largest reduction percentage in the droplet size is 68.88% for the case of the cone end BB at GLR of 0.77% and the largest increment percentage in the spray cone angle is 69.97% for the cone end BB at GLR of 0.77 %, all relative to the case of without BB.}, keywords = {effervescent spray,bubble breaker,two-phase flow pattern,shadowgrahpy,bubble size,bubble fragmentation}, url = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66383.html}, eprint = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66383_0d8ad0ae71c99f74dbdc3151e3773894.pdf} } @article { author = {Hosien, M.A.}, title = {A THEORETICAL MODEL FOR PITTING PRODUCED BY CAVITATION}, journal = {ERJ. Engineering Research Journal}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {169-180}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-1180}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/erjm.2016.66384}, abstract = {The present paper is concerned with the mechanism of cavitation erosion. A theoretical model for the formation of a single pit produced by a microjet produced by a collapsing cavitation bubble is presented and the model developed to give the average surface slope of the eroded surface as a function of fluid velocity and cavitation number. The model predicts a threshold velocity below which no pitting can occur. A series of erosion experiments were conducted in water tunnel using pure aluminum plates positioned in the sidewall of the tunnel test section subjected to cavitating flow produced by various cavitating sources. The cavitating sources were 25 mm, 20 mm and 10 mm circular cylinder, 10 mm 600 symmetrical wedges, and 20 mm con.-div. wedge. The surface deformation produced on side wall specimens was analyzed by a surface finish measuring device. From the surface profiles, the surface slope and pit radius were computed. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical model and an encouraging agreement was found.}, keywords = {Cavitation,Microjet,Erosion,Surface roughness,Cavitation number}, url = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66384.html}, eprint = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66384_3cd913c14662fae0aab8d2e750309b43.pdf} }