@article { author = {Abou El-Ela, A. A. and Kinawy, A. M. and Mouwafi, M. T. and El-Sehiemy, R. A.}, title = {SECURITY CONSTRAINED OPTIMAL POWER DISPATCH USING ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM}, journal = {ERJ. Engineering Research Journal}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {81-89}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-1180}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/erjm.2010.67307}, abstract = {This paper proposes a procedure for solving a security constrained optimal power dispatch (SCOPD) problem under normal and emergency conditions using ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm. The objective function is to minimize the non-linear generation cost function by optimizing the control variables of the generators real power under equality and inequality constraints. The ACO algorithm is applied to 5- bus system, the IEEE standard 14-bus and 30-bus systems. In addition, an application of the proposed algorithm to a real power system at the west Delta network (WDN) as a part of the Unified Egyptian Network (UEN) considering the valve-points effects has been demonstrated. The results obtained are compared with those obtained using a conventional linear programming (LP), the fuzzy linear programming (FLP) technique and genetic algorithm (GA). Simulation results show that the proposed ACO algorithm for the SCOPD is more accurate and efficient, especially with increasing the system size.}, keywords = {Optimal power dispatch,security,Ant colony optimization algorithm,Valve-points}, url = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_67307.html}, eprint = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_67307_15fc1e616c29430e6cdb9a0067f4a2c3.pdf} } @article { author = {Dabroom, A. M.}, title = {CONTROL OF A SERIES DC MOTOR DRIVE USING AC/DC CONVERTER}, journal = {ERJ. Engineering Research Journal}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {91-96}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-1180}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/erjm.2010.67308}, abstract = {The fly-back converter is used to obtain a constant output power switching converter,this paper introduce an approach for speed control of a series DC motor using an AC/ DC converter. This approach is based on the cascade combination of a diode bridge rectifier and fly-back converter. The converter can be operates as buck or buck-boost converter according to the state variable of controlled switch operation. The supply current is approximately sinusoidal with a high power factor. The output voltage and current is achieved with a ripple free. Modeling and simulation of the system are performed using the differential equations which describing the system behavior in different conditions. The motor performance characteristic in different state of operation is controlled by controlling the duty ratio of the MOSFET. The simulation results are a good agreement when compared with experimental results.}, keywords = {Fly-back converter,buck-boost converter}, url = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_67308.html}, eprint = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_67308_27fd79a20ed42ce5204b1ce85ca4e8c6.pdf} } @article { author = {Shabaan, M. M}, title = {EFFECT OF BED MATERIAL TYPE ON COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY OF FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTOR}, journal = {ERJ. Engineering Research Journal}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {97-109}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-1180}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/erjm.2010.67309}, abstract = {Liquefied petroleum gas LPG as well as solid fuels like coal and wood ships are used in fluidized bed technology for a wide range of applications. The characteristics of fluidized bed combustion using limestone and sand as bed materials with particles diameter of 0.7 - 1 mm were studied experimentally. An experimental test rig has been designed and manufactured to produce a good fluidization in a wide range of operating conditions. Cold experiments were carried before hot experiments to predict the suitable initial bed height, which has been seen to be 3-cm. LPG fuel, has been used as a gaseous fuel and A/F ratio considered constant during all experiments. The effects of bed material on gas temperature distribution along the combustor height are investigated and presented in the present work. The combustion of coal and wood ships in fluidized bed combustor was verified by adding a continuous flow rates with lesser quantities of LPG.  The photos of the bed in cold and hot states are presented. The heat transfer to the combustor wall was measured from the increase of the cooling water enthalpy and then the combustion efficiency was calculated. The results show the great dependent of the parameters under study on the bed characteristics.}, keywords = {Fluidized Bed,limestone,sand,Gaseous fuels,Coal,Wood ships}, url = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_67309.html}, eprint = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_67309_710d888349ee8f23ef14c746e5a3768c.pdf} } @article { author = {Kotob, Omima, A. and Ibrahim, Samir A. S. and Kater, Hany, A. S.}, title = {STUDYING THE THERMALLY POLLUTED MIXING ZONE SIZE IN OPEN CHANNELS}, journal = {ERJ. Engineering Research Journal}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {111-117}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-1180}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/erjm.2010.67310}, abstract = {This work investigates experimentally the characteristics of the thermal area of pollution resulting from surface discharge outfalls of the steam electrical power plant cooling system. The experimental program was carried out in a rectangular flume inside the northern experimental hall of the Hydraulics Research Institute (HRI) in Egypt. The flume has dimensions of 17.8 m length, 2.5 m width, and 0.5 m deep. Formulae and curves to identify the mixing zone center-line length for different outfall angles were developed. The predicted formulae could be used in the cooling system surface discharge design phase to predict the minimum dilution of the thermal plume at different discharge rates in Egypt. The predicted formulae could also help in updating the environmental and water legislations in Egypt.}, keywords = {Mixing zone center line,outfall angle,near field,thermal discharge,Temperature,Densimetric Froude Number and aspect ratios}, url = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_67310.html}, eprint = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_67310_cb3fba44eabaa0bcdde9ceb34ede5cfb.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd ElKader, M. and Aref, A. and Moustafa, Gamal H. and ElHenawy, Yasser}, title = {A THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY FOR A HUMIDIFICATION - DEHUMIDIFICATION (HD) SOLAR DESALINATION UNIT}, journal = {ERJ. Engineering Research Journal}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {119-130}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-1180}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/erjm.2010.67311}, abstract = {A humidification-dehumidification (HD) solar desalination unit was designed. It seems to be suitable to provide drinking water for population or remote arid areas. Solar water and solar air collectors were designed to provide the hot water and air to the desalination chamber. The desalination chamber was divided into humidifier and dehumidifier towers. The circulation of air in the two towers was maintained by the forced convection. Theoretical and experimental works were done at different environmental conditions. A mathematical model was formulated, in which the thermodynamic relations were used to study the flow, heat and mass transfer inside the humidifier and dehumidifier. Such a technique was performed in order to increase the unit performance. Heat and mass balance was done and a set of governing equations was solved using the finite difference technique. The solar intensity was measured along the working day during the summer and winter months and a comparison between the theoretical and experimental results were performed. The average accumulative productivity of the system in November, December and January was ranged between 2 to 3.5 kg / m2 day while the average summer productivity was found between 6 to 8 kg/m2 day in June and 7.26 to 11 kg/m2 day in July and August.}, keywords = {Solar desalination, Solar collector, Humidification and Dehumidification, Solar intensity, Simulation,Finite difference, Water productivity}, url = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_67311.html}, eprint = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_67311_758792cd47d1ee512d37d3f6bd9ce42a.pdf} } @article { author = {Moghazy, Hossam M. and Sobeih, Mohamed M. and Helal, Esam E. and Kamel, Gamal A. and El-Hadad, Mahmoud A.}, title = {INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURE DRAINAGE WATER REUSE TO NOURISH NUBARIA CANAL}, journal = {ERJ. Engineering Research Journal}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {131-143}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-1180}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/erjm.2010.67312}, abstract = {In this study, the quality of the Nubaria canal water was investigated before and after mixing drainage water with Nubaria canal. Flow and water quality profiles have been estimated along the canal through the mathematical model, QUAL2K. The model has been calibrated according to the field data collected during summer and winter of the year 2007. The study included electrical conductively (EC), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and ammonia (NH3). From the results obtained, the QUAL2K model appears to be useful for estimating water quality of Nubaria canal. Dynamic management is the most appropriate solution for controlling water quantity and quality of drainage water expected to be reused through mixing with Nubaria canal. Moreover, the salt and waste assimilative capacity of a canal could be calculated. Reusing of mix project drainage water, by discharge of 0.50 million m3/d does not affect the Nubaria water canal. There are clear effects in the Nubaria canal water today due to drainage water specially drain 3.}, keywords = {Water quality models,drainage water reuse,Nubaria canal,mixing drain project,integrated management}, url = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_67312.html}, eprint = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_67312_8e992263da1996b4a7989c16d99154f8.pdf} } @article { author = {Sobeih, Mohamed .M. and El-Enany, Moustafa .A. and Foda, Eman .M. and Rashwan, Ibrahim M.}, title = {IMPROVEMENT OF TILE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS USING MOLE DRAINS}, journal = {ERJ. Engineering Research Journal}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {145-152}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-1180}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/erjm.2010.67313}, abstract = {In this paper the problem of draining a heavy clay layer of low hydraulic conductivity over-lying an impermeable layer is treated mathematically by means of a combined system of pipe and mole drains. The complex potential, the stream functions, and the velocity potential are provided.   New discharge formulas for both tile and mole drains are established.  Formulas for calculating the velocity components at any point are provided.  Effects of the different variables, the top clay cap thickness below drain center ,D, mole drain diameter ,d2, height of water above tile  drain center midway between two successive tile drains, H, mole spacing ,a, and the vertical distance between tile drains and mole drains ,b, are studied.}, keywords = {Tile drainage,Mole drainage,subsurface drainage}, url = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_67313.html}, eprint = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_67313_9887dc5b96b04191a831bdf74ba60b8d.pdf} } @article { author = {Aboud, Mohamed Hassan and Osman, Mohamed Ahmad}, title = {DEFORMATION MODULUS AND STRENGTH PARAMETERS OF SABALOKA IGNEOUS ROCK MASS}, journal = {ERJ. Engineering Research Journal}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {153-158}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-1180}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/erjm.2010.67314}, abstract = {Basalt and rhyolite rock masses are widespread through the north east part of Sabaloka plateau, 80 km north of Khartoum. The geological history of this area with the repeated changes in the volcanic activity, alternated with destructive events, caldera collapses, produced a very complex system. The variation in lithology, in the degree of tectonization and disturbance determined a wide spectrum of geotechnical materials, ranging from hard lavas to poorly welded pyroclastic deposits. Quarries, tunnels and other infrastructures were and will be constructed in these rock masses. This paper deals with determining the rock mass strength and deformability of these rocks in Sabaloka, in order to characterize them for the engineering purpose. The estimate of rock mass strength and deformability is reasonably well predicted through the use of empirical failure criteria such as the Hoek –Brown failure criterion which has gained broad acceptance in the rock mechanics community, and in situ test and empirical expressions to predict deformability. The rock mass properties and modulus of deformations of these rocks have been carefully assessed based on laboratory tests (uniaxial compressive, tensile test, triaxial test), and field investigations. The rock mass characterization approaches, Geological Strength Index (GSI) systems have been applied extensively to predict and evaluate the rock mass properties and support design. Numerical modeling studies (RocLab) based on field and laboratory data, have been used to evaluate the performance of these rock masses. Generally the main objective of the work reported in this paper was to increase knowledge of intact rock and defect properties of jointed basalt and rhyolite rock masses, develop reliable rock mass data and improve the ability to estimate the rock mass strength of these rocks.}, keywords = {Sabaloka,basaltic and rhyolite rock,GSI,deformation modulus,rock mass properties,characterization of Sabaloka rock masses,jointed rock masses}, url = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_67314.html}, eprint = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_67314_0d7bd34f5ed6ef5b4232672f08cf52d6.pdf} } @article { author = {Elghonaimy, Eslam Hamdi and Eldardiry, Dalia Hussain}, title = {IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON LOW-COST HOUSING IN NEW TOWNS IN EGYPT: THE CASE STUDY OF NEW BORG EL-ARAB}, journal = {ERJ. Engineering Research Journal}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {159-174}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-1180}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/erjm.2010.67315}, abstract = {Because of the housing crisis in Egypt, the desperate need for new houses, and the continuously increasing housing demand exceeding its supply; the housing problem is considered one of the major contemporary problems. New Borg EL-Arab is a new town designed as a magnet, to absorb the increase of population in Alexandria by creating new job opportunities and building affordable houses to help low income people and youth find suitable houses and solve their housing problem. Also, there is a very serious problem in the structural conditions of houses in the city due to bad of the quality of building materials causing quick deterioration of these houses. Hence, low income people and youth refused to leave the big city and move to the new town. Houses are directly affected by the adverse environmental conditions of this region, such as climate and lighting.  The envelope of a house prevents the effect of climatic elements. This external envelope of a building creates indoor environmental conditions which differ from that of the outdoor environmental conditions. The research aims to assess the environmental conditions which affect the houses in New Borg EL-Arab, and to suggest recommendations which could lead to improve the housing conditions in houses built under the same environmental conditions, integrating buildings with the surrounding environment, achieving better levels of human comfort, improving residents’ satisfaction and attracting more people to live in the houses. A detailed study of housing categories, data collection for the environmental conditions (measuring air temperature, humidity, lighting and determining the wind direction) outside and inside the houses, and analyzing them with interpretation of results, To find recommendations to improve the affordable houses. Human comfort can be achieved through a good design of the house using the suitable local building materials available within the same region, taking into consideration all the environmental housing conditions.}, keywords = {Environmental Determinants,Building Conditions,Low-cost Housing,New towns,Egypt}, url = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_67315.html}, eprint = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_67315_f133b788950c0335267d9e47cc05f5e7.pdf} } @article { author = {الغنيمي, إسلام حمدي}, title = {الاعتبارات التصميمة للفراغات الخارجية لمناطق الأسکان بالمقرات الدائمة للجامعات حالة دراسية : تصميم الفراغات الخارجية للمقر الدائم لجامعة الدمام}, journal = {ERJ. Engineering Research Journal}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {175-193}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-1180}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/erjm.2010.67317}, abstract = {تساهم الفراغات  الخارجية المفتوحة outdoor places وتصميم المناطق البينية left over spaces وتهيئتها بالطريقة الصحيحة المناسبة في التصميم العمراني للمقر الدائم للجامعات وللمدن الجامعية بصفة عامة وبمناطقها داخل النطاق السکني بصفة خاصة في تشکيل الحالة الذهنية للسکان والأرتقاء بالبيئة العمرانية والحضرية لهما، وکلاهما تتأثران بثلاث عناصر يتم التعامل معها في تصميم الشوارع ورؤية تأثيراتها مجتمعة وهم: الطبيعة nature  ، الناس human being ، البناء المصنوع man- made . وقد استفاد الباحث أثناء عمله کأستشاري للمکتب المصمم واشتراکه بالتصميم لتحديد نطاق الدراسة وهى "المناطق السکنية بالمقر الدائم للجامعة" والمعروف بتسم "المدينة الجامعية" حيث تکمن اشکالية البحث في الحاجه الي تقديم اسس يمکن عند الاستعانة بها اعداد سيناريو لتصميم فراغات عمرانية مناسبة بالمناطق المفتوحة للمناطق السکنية داخل المدن الجامعية(university campuses)  مبني علي منهجية علمية تسهم في انجاح التشکيلات العمرانية والتي تنعکس بدورها ايجابيا علي انجاز مخططات تلبي متطلبات السکان وقاطني المناطق السکنية داخل المدن الجامعية وتعطي في مجملها منتج عمراني متميز ناجح. وتأتي أهمية البحث حيث تتم دراسة الاحتياجات المتوقعه لقاطني المدن الجامعية بالمناطق السکنية سواء من موظفي واعضاء هيئة تدريس وطلاب باختلاف حالتهم الاجتماعية (متزوجين – غير متزوجين) ودراسة  کيفية تأثير العوامل البيئية لمنطقة الدراسة علي فکر وعناصر تصميم الفراغات الخارجية وعمارة البيئة الذي يهدف في نهاية الدراسة الي تقديم منتج بيئي مناسب مبني علي تنسيق الموقع علي اکمل وجهه ويتمشي مع احتياجات هؤلاء القاطنين، ويتم في نهاية البحث تقديم نموذج دراسي لتصميم مدينة جامعية کحالة دراسية من الفراغات والفراغات  المفتوحة الموجودة بهذه المدينة الجامعية.  ويتدرج البحث على النحو الأتي: التعريف ببعض المفاهيم المرتبطة بالارتقاء العمراني لمدينة في اطار صورتها العمرانية. التعريف بالثوابت والمتغيرات من عمارة البيئة من عناصر طبيعية والعناصر المصنعه. تشکيلات تنسيق الموقع بالفراغات العمرانية. الحالة الدراسية لأحد المدن الجامعية.}, keywords = {physical upgrading- physical coordination,adherence to building,outdoor places,left over spaces,man- made}, url = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_67317.html}, eprint = {https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_67317_61f2c6f1173d6476297b581753fc72ea.pdf} }