eng
Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering
ERJ. Engineering Research Journal
1110-1180
2014-01-01
37
1
51
58
10.21608/erjm.2014.66858
66858
Original Article
SAND STABILIZATION BY USING UREA-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN
ISLAM M ABO ELNAGA
1
Civil Engineering Department Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology- Kafr El-Sheikh Kafr El-Sheikh, EGYPT
This paper presents the results of detailed laboratory tests to improve the natural subgrade soils using polymer resins. The improvement may be through increasing compressive strength, flexural strength and California bearing ratio. The urea-formaldehyde resin was used in this study, as a soil stabilizing agent, to improve the characteristics of desert and beach sands. Comparison was done of properties of soil with no modified urea-formaldehyde resin with the properties of soil with modified urea-formaldehyde resin. The results are encouraging since the addition of the urea-formaldehyde resin increase the compressive strength which enables the sands to carry the heavy traffic. In addition, California bearing ratio, dry density, abrasion resistance and water absorption have been improved to use in the construction of highways.
https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66858_e76e7e0fdd41858bca7bfe9544d2e3ee.pdf
Stabilization
Polymerization
Urea-Formaldehyde Resin and curing time
eng
Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering
ERJ. Engineering Research Journal
1110-1180
2014-01-01
37
1
59
69
10.21608/erjm.2014.66860
66860
Original Article
EFFECT OF RUBBER USAGE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ASPHALT MIXES
ISLAM M. ABO EL-NAGA
1
Civil Engineering Department Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology in Kafr El-Sheikh Kafr El-Sheikh, EGYPT
Increasing traffic loads cause several pavement distresses such as rutting. Several trials were made to control pavement rutting by mix enhancement. These trials were already limited pavement rutting, but on the other hand showed pavement cracking as a result of lower flexibility for the modified pavements. This study aims at investigating the effect of crumb rubber on the characteristics of asphalt mixes. To achieve this objective, crumb rubber with different percentages of fine aggregate (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28%) were used to manufacture the investigated asphalt mixes. Marshall designs were used to obtain the optimum asphalt contents and the corresponding characteristics of the investigated mixes. Other mix characteristics including Marshall stiffness, loss of stability, tensile strength as well as rutting resistance were measured for the investigated mixes. Loss of stability test, indirect tensile test (ITT) and wheel tracking test (WTT) were conducted to measure these characteristics. Analyzing the study results showed that, the use of crumb rubber has a noticeable effect on the characteristics of asphalt mixes. It is noticed that, the use of rubber percent up to 16% by weight of fine aggregate increases the pavement resistance to cracking and does not greatly affect the pavement resistance to rutting.
https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66860_2284c8ffda97e456b4c688ee940ab3bc.pdf
Crumb rubber
Asphalt mixes
Indirect tensile test
and Wheel tracking test
eng
Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering
ERJ. Engineering Research Journal
1110-1180
2014-01-01
37
1
71
88
10.21608/erjm.2014.66862
66862
Original Article
MATHEMATICAL AND NUMERICAL MODELING OF UNSTEADY SEDIMENT TRANSPORT UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS
Mohammed G Abd Alla
1
Irrigation and Hydraulics Dept., Faculty of Engineering, El-Mansoura University
The main goal of this research is to develop one dimensional unsteady and nonequilibrium numerical sediment transport models for alluvial channels. Three mathematical and numerical models have been developed using kinematic, diffusion and dynamic wave approaches for simulating bed profiles in alluvial channels for unsteady and equilibrium conditions. Transient bed profiles were also simulated for several hypothetical cases, comparing different particle velocities and different particle fall velocities. Also different wave models (kinematic, diffusion and dynamic) were compared. The kinematic wave model was developed for simulating transient bed profiles in alluvial channels under unsteady and nonequilibrium conditions and tested with hypothetical data. The diffusion wave model was developed for simulating transient bed profiles in alluvial channels under unsteady, nonuniform and nonequilibrium conditions. It was found that the numerical comparison of kinematic, diffusion and dynamic wave for hypothetical cases of sediment transport revealed under the same sediment flux function of the wavefront is slower in the case of kinematic wave
https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66862_74b24245f2a3eec646117cff1f7d517b.pdf
Sediment transport
Steady
Unsteady
eng
Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering
ERJ. Engineering Research Journal
1110-1180
2014-01-01
37
1
29
40
10.21608/erjm.2014.66863
66863
Original Article
CALCULATIONS OF TEMPERATURE DECAY FOR INDUSTRIAL CHIMNEY BY USING MODIFIED ANALYTICAL MODEL
M. Khalil Bassiouny
1
A. A. Hussien
2
Mostafa El Shafie
3
Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Minoufiya University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Minoufiya University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
Mechanical Maintenance Engineer at El-Araby for Lighting Technology Company
The engineering design of industrial chimneys requires predicting the temperature decay of exhaust gases along the walls of chimney. This paper investigates the practical calculation of the thermal performance of industrial chimneys which leads to estimating the static draft and the bulk temperature of combustion gases at the chimney's exit for determining the air pollution levels in the vicinity of the stack.
A modified analytical model is used to obtain accurate heat transfer results. Heat transfer processes involving the internal convection heat transfer, external heat transfer to the surrounding and conduction heat transfer, which takes into account fouling resistance are considered.
The present modified analytical model provides a good estimation of the bulk temperature and the outside wall temperature compared with that computed using1-D lumped model (Cortes model). The present modified model is validated with published theoretical and experimental data. The validation shows that the present modified model is more accurate than 1-D lumped model (Cortes model). The paper describes the thermal calculation procedures of industrial chimneys using the standard heat transfer correlations. The calculation procedures are easy to apply by design engineers in the field of thermal design of chimneys. Also, comparison between the present modified model and the previous 1-D lumped model with recent experimental data measured at the glass furnace chimney at El-Araby for Lighting Technology (glass factory) is discussed.
https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66863_7fd4bf34862cb6d9c49381de9aefa50d.pdf
Draught system
Chimney design
Modified model
El-Araby chimney
Chimney calculation
eng
Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering
ERJ. Engineering Research Journal
1110-1180
2014-01-01
37
1
41
50
10.21608/erjm.2014.66865
66865
Original Article
STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE OF AN INCLINED ANNULAR CRANK TWO-PHASE THERMOSYPHON
Mostafa A. Abd El-Baky
1
Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
An experimental study is conducted on the internal cooling-heating crank thermosyphon oriented with respect to horizontal. Bent geometry of the thermosyphon is sometimes needed to use because of the limited space for the straight thermosyphon to be installed. Therefore, in the present study, the crank-shape thermosyphon is investigated on the heat transfer coefficients and the critical heat fluxes. Experiments on water filled tubes are conducted to investigate the internal cooling –heating offset thermosyphon. Heat transfer in tilted annular two phase closed thermosyphon has been studied experimentally. The effect of heat flux, inclination angle and the evaporator to condenser length ratio on the heat transfer coefficient has been investigated in details. The evaporator to condenser ratio was varied from 0.25 to 1.6. The inclination angle was changed to be 15°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°. The heat flux was taken as: 1.33, 2.66, 3.99, 5.32 and 6.65 kW/m2. The results indicated that, the maximum overall heat transfer coefficient occurs at evaporator length to condenser length ratio 0.5 with an inclination angle of 60°. At evaporator to condenser length ratio of unity, the maximum overall heat transfer coefficient occurs at Le=Lc = 20 cm. The thermal performance increases when the heat transfer rate was increased.
https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66865_1c4b59ce4ca3ada40c93e03c1dc48c8f.pdf
Internal cooling-heating offset thermosyphon
flooding phenomena
eng
Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering
ERJ. Engineering Research Journal
1110-1180
2014-01-01
37
1
1
12
10.21608/erjm.2014.66867
66867
Original Article
Optimal GainsTuning of Speed Controller in Induction Motor Drives Using Particle SWARMOptimization
Hussein M Wally
1
Haitham Z. Azazi
2
Fahmy M. El-Khouly
3
Mechanical& Electrical Research Center, National Water Research Center, Egypt
Department of electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufiya University, Egypt
Department of electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufiya University, Egypt,
The last decade has witnessed a great interest in using evolutionary algorithms (EAs), such as genetic algorithms (GA), evolutionary strategies and particle swarm optimization (PSO), for multivariate optimization. This paper presents a modern approach of speed control for three-phase induction motor (IM) using PSO algorithm to optimize the parameters of the proportional integral (PI) and Fuzzy-PI controllers. Comparison between different controllers is achieved, using PI and fuzzy-PI controllers which are tuned by two methods, firstly manually and secondly using PSO technique. Hybrid of FL and PI controller PSO-based for the speed control of given motor is also performed to eliminate the drawbacks of PI controller (overshoot, undershoot) and FL controller (steady-state error), which has a minimum number of fuzzy rules and membership functions (MFs). The overall system is simulated under various operating conditions and experimental results are prepared.
https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66867_0a9c1a92299998c2a016629c9b89dbb3.pdf
Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs)
Genetic Algorithms (GA)
particle swarm optimization (PSO)
Fuzzy Logic (FL)
Membership Functions (MFs)
eng
Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering
ERJ. Engineering Research Journal
1110-1180
2014-01-01
37
1
13
20
10.21608/erjm.2014.66869
66869
Original Article
HYBRID MICRO GRID MAXIMUM POWER CONDITION CONTAINING PV/ VARIABLE SPEED WIND GENERATION
M.M.A. Mahfouz
1
Faculty of Engineering, Helwan, Helwan University
Distribution systems with distributed energy resources, such as photo voltaic power systems (PV) and wind turbines form the new planned micro grids (MGs). From the customer point of view, MGs improve power quality by supporting voltage levels and potentially lower costs of energy supply. Despite the obvious advantages of distributed generation, technical challenges associated with the operation and controls of MGs are immense in order to provide stable frequency and voltage in the presence of variable loading and emergency condition. This paper proposes an efficient an overhaul maximum power conditioning control system of micro grid feeds from PV array and wind turbine. The PV power conditioning system utilizes two-stages energy conversion system topology composed of a DC/DC boost converter and voltage source inverter (VSI) that satisfies the MG technical requirements. For the proposed PV maximum power point tracking (MPPT), the boost converter duty cycle is being adjusted to set the operating point of the PV panel at the maximum power point. While for the proposed wind turbine the pitch angle is controlled to allow the wind turbine operates at its optimum condition at low and medium wind speeds, while at high wind speeds region, the pitch angle is being increased to shed some of the aerodynamic power. The dynamic modeling and control of the studied MG are presented for steady state and transient operation conditions. Moreover, the control strategies to obtain the maximum converted power and stabilize the voltage under different operating conditions are derived in the submitted paper.
https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66869_17f7035cc3511c0867b11cb20128dadb.pdf
Micro Grid
Photovoltaic (PV) array
Wind energy
DC/DC boost converter
Voltage source inverter
Pitch control
eng
Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering
ERJ. Engineering Research Journal
1110-1180
2014-01-01
37
1
89
94
10.21608/erjm.2014.66871
66871
Original Article
THE EFFECT OF AGE AND DAILY WORKING HOUR ON DRIVING PERFORMANCE FOR CONTAINER CRANE OPERATORS
K. Shawki
1
A. Soliman
2
M. Abou- Elenein
3
Construction & Building Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport Alexandria, Egypt.
Construction & Building Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport Alexandria, Egypt.
Construction & Building Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport Alexandria, Egypt.
The operators of container crane shipping docks are the first pillar and fundamental to the success of companies handling and transport of containers. The performance and the ability of the operators are the main tasks for the success of shipping companies and thus the success of internal and external trade. The operators subjected to training courses on simulator before and during their practical life. The aim of this paper is to analyze the driving performance of container crane operators working in ALEXANDRIA-EGYPT terminal in daily working and suggest recommendations to improve their performance. Improving operator performance means maximize number of container moves per hour and maximize handling accuracy (or minimizing errors during handling) .To reach this aim the following steps were done:
1- Analyzing database for the operators subjected to training courses and test before and during their practical life.
2- Analyzing database for the operator during their shifts.
3- Analyzing database for the operators during simulator tests but with no test time duration.
https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66871_b4c281c64d7657b2f7b94d016ee206e2.pdf
Container crane operators – Daily working hours – Performance
eng
Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering
ERJ. Engineering Research Journal
1110-1180
2014-01-01
37
1
95
106
10.21608/erjm.2014.66873
66873
Original Article
DUCTILITY AND FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR OF ONE WAY CONCRETE SLABS REINFORCED WITH LOCAL GFRP REBARS: AN EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY
Sherif H. Al-Tersawy
1
M.A. Ghanem
2
Civil Eng. Dept., Higher Technological Institute, 10 Th- of Ramadan City, Egypt.
Mech. Dept., Faculty of Industrial Education, Suez canal University, Egypt.
The need for an alternative to steel reinforcement (RFT) in areas of severe environmental conditions and areas sensitive to magnetic fields has emerged the use of Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP). Experimental and analytical studies of FRP reinforcement are still less than that of steel RFT. In this study, seven slabs reinforced with local Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers (GFRP) were tested under four points bending configuration. Load-deflection behavior, as well as strains in slabs, was recorded in order to investigate slab’s ductility and flexural behaviors. The main parameters of the experimental work included RFT ratio, and shear span to effective depth ratios (Lsh/deff.) Analytical models used to predict these behaviors were implemented in order to compare the results with experimental work. The results of this research work indicated that crack behavior and load deflection curves can be simulated using analytical models and can be reasonably used for the prediction of the behavior of the tested slabs.
https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66873_c86be764d2440957f941e3cf8ecf05d5.pdf
GFRP
local rebars
slabs
Ductility
flexure
eng
Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering
ERJ. Engineering Research Journal
1110-1180
2014-01-01
37
1
21
28
10.21608/erjm.2014.66875
66875
Original Article
OPTIMAL DESIGN OF POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER USING DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION TECHNIQUE
Ramadan Rajab
1
Tamer Fetouh
2
A. M. Kinawy
3
Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minoufiya University, Egypt
Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minoufiya University, Egypt
Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minoufiya University, Egypt
The power system is characterized by oscillation in machine rotor angle and speed during and after the fault cases. Therefore, power system stabilizer (PSS) should be used for damping the power system oscillations. Modern optimization techniques have been applied to design (PSS) in recent years. In this paper, Differential Evolution technique (DE) isproposed as a modern technique to search for optimal controller parameters of PSS in Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) system, by minimizing the deviation in the oscillatory rotor speed of the generator. Thistechnique is applied at specific operating point and at multiple operating points. Simulink &MATLAB environmentare used to find the optimal design which is compared to other techniques such as Genetic Algorithm (GA).
https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66875_8a10db712915d9e666cc70a46a9c181c.pdf
Powersystem stabilizer
Differential evolution technique
Single machine infinite bus
Multi operating point
eng
Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering
ERJ. Engineering Research Journal
1110-1180
2014-01-01
37
1
107
113
10.21608/erjm.2014.66879
66879
Original Article
Performance of Heuristic Algorithms in Designing Deformation Monitoring Networks
M. I Doma
1
A. T. Sedeek
2
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University ,Egypt
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Delta University, Egypt
Deformation monitoring is a kind of continuous recording positions (horizontal and vertical coordinates) precisely regardless the deformation pattern and instrument used. In general, a deformation monitoring network can be designed using the trial and error method or analytical methods such as linear programming and nonlinear programming. Recently, a deformation monitoring network may also be designed by heuristic optimization algorithms such as Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Simulated Annealing (SA).
In this paper, heuristic optimization algorithms such as SA and PSO are investigated to design the deformation monitoring networks. The results proved that both SA and PSO are able to determine an optimal design of deformation monitoring and these can used as alternative methods in place of the traditional optimization techniques with high efficiency.
https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66879_0c3b31a1a5d5caf94f549432155a0113.pdf
Sediment transport
Steady
Unsteady
eng
Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering
ERJ. Engineering Research Journal
1110-1180
2014-01-01
37
1
115
121
10.21608/erjm.2014.66880
66880
Original Article
Estimation of GPS Position Using Iterative Least Squares and Extended Kalman Filter
M. I. Doma
1
A. T. Sedeek
2
1. Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University ,Egypt
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Delta University, Egypt
Global Positioning System (GPS) is being used in aviation, nautical navigation and the orientation ashore. Further, it is used in land surveying and other applications where the determination of the exact position is required. Although GPS is known as a precise positioning system, there are several error sources which are categorized into three main groups including errors related to satellites, propagation and GPS receivers. In this paper we focus on the estimation of the receiver coordinates of a fixed point based on pseudorange measurements of a single GPS receiver. The estimation of the unknowns is achieved by introducing an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Iterative Least Square (ILS) that processes. Kalman filter is the method most often used nowadays. It is based on some assumptions and if all the assumptions are met it can offer optimal estimation and prediction. The EKF not only works well in practice, but also it is theoretically attractive because it has been shown that it is the filter that minimizes the variance of the estimation mean square error.
https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66880_995e54eafb65ab9c7e0bcd29d837eb22.pdf
eng
Menoufia University, Faculty of Engineering
ERJ. Engineering Research Journal
1110-1180
2014-01-01
37
1
123
135
10.21608/erjm.2014.66882
66882
Original Article
EFFECT OF SUBMERGENCE RATIO OF PILE CAP ON SCOUR HOLE AT COMPLEX BRIDGE PIERS
Esam Eldeen Y. Helal
1
Civil Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Egypt.
Local scour around complex bridge piers under different clear-water conditions was studied experimentally for a variety of submergence ratios, skew angles and geometric shapes. A total of one hundred and fifty six runs were carried out. Three sets of experiments were performed over the entire range of possible pile cap shapes for complex piers with five different submergence ratios and three values of skew angles ( angle of attack) of complex pier under different four values of Froude number. The collected data are used to analyze the scour hole geometry around such complex piers. Obtained results were analyzed and graphically represented. Results indicated that, increasing submergence ratios led to increase relative scour depth and length. Also increasing skew angle led to increase scour hole geometry. Although rectangular pile cap with round nose of complex pier gave the smallest scour hole dimensions, rectangular pile cap with sharp nose of complex pier gave closed results to it.
https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_66882_a5d72e850aee6118854fa0eeab974da8.pdf
Scour
Complex bridge pier
Skew bridge pier
Pile caps
Physical model