Menoufia University, Faculty of EngineeringERJ. Engineering Research Journal1110-118027120040101FAULT DETECTION – CLASSIFICATION THROUGH VIBRATION MONITORING USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS188259910.21608/erjm.2004.82599ENYehiaEl-MashadAssociate Professor, Shoubra Faculty of EngineeringAtefHassanJournal Article20200415<span>Vibration analysis can give an indication of the condition of rotating shaft highlighting potential</span><br /><span>fault such as unbalance and rubbing. Faults may however occur intermittently and consequently to</span><br /><span>detect these requires continuous monitoring with real time analysis. In this research, we describe</span><br /><span>how to use Artificial Neural Networks (ANN's) for classification of machine conditions by using</span><br /><span>two sensor techniques. In this technique, calculated moments from times series are used as input</span><br /><span>features as they can be quickly computed from measured data. Orthogonal vibrations are</span><br /><span>considered as two -dimension victor, the magnitude of which can be expressed as time series.</span><br /><span>Some signal processing operations are applied to the data to enhance the differences between</span><br /><span>signals. A fault signature data base is built which includes vibration signature of common failure</span><br /><span>modes of critical components in rotating equipment. The database is used to train the neural</span><br /><span>network to classify the different fault classes. Such expert system has some limitations because it</span><br /><span>is tailored to a specific machine and specific faults under certain operating conditions. Comparison</span><br /><span>is made with frequency domain analysis methods, which has some ambiguities when components</span><br /><span>may, more or less overlap and certain faults may exhibit themselves in different ways in spectrum.</span><br /><span>The results show that the success of the network is highly dependent on the deduced feature signal</span><br /><span>which contain the symptoms of faults and healthy operation.</span>https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_82599_5a8ee5f91a9b577ff0c2c8523b5c0808.pdfMenoufia University, Faculty of EngineeringERJ. Engineering Research Journal1110-118027120040101EROSION-CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF 6061 ALUMINIUM ALLOY9148260010.21608/erjm.2004.82600ENS.A. AssealaFaculty of Engineering, Minoufiya University, EgyptBadrM. Abd El-BaryFaculty of Engineering, Minoufiya University, EgyptA.M. KhourshidFaculty of Engineering, Minoufiya University, EgyptJournal Article20200415<span>Corrosion and erosion-corrosion behavior of Al-6061 was investigated. Tests were performed</span><br /><span>in 3 wt. % NaCl solutions with and without sand particles using the rotating sample method at 5.65</span><br /><span>and 11.3 m/sec. Both the tests showed an increased weight loss with test duration. In erosion-</span><br /><span>corrosion tests, weight loss of the samples was accelerated by the impingement of the electrolyte at</span><br /><span>corroded sites leading to easy removal of corrosion products from the surface. The presence of</span><br /><span>sand particles in the electrolyte accelerates the process of material removal due to rapid formation</span><br /><span>of pits and craters. The effect of velocity and heat treatment on the mechanism of erosion-</span><br /><span>corrosion was investigated. An analysis of the affected surfaces of typical specimens by SEM</span><br /><span>enabled the understanding of the operating wear mechanisms under specific test condition.</span>https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_82600_6356f369953d5b003333de717b2e4477.pdfMenoufia University, Faculty of EngineeringERJ. Engineering Research Journal1110-118027120040101CONDITION MONITORING AND FAULT DIAGNOSIS OF ROTATING MACHINERY USING WAVELET AND NEURAL NETWORKS APPROACHES15248260110.21608/erjm.2004.82601ENYehiaEl-MashadShoubra Faculty of EngineeringJournal Article20200415<span>This research investigates different techniques of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of</span><br /><span>rotating machines. These techniques are the classical Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Discrete</span><br /><span>Wavelet Transform (DWT) coupled with different topologies of Neural Networks. A method for</span><br /><span>extracting features signal that is a combination of the horizontal and the vertical vibration time</span><br /><span>series is proposed. A technique for signal pre-processing for calculating the input feature is also</span><br /><span>adopted. The cumulants of magnitude of the vibrations provide a useful set of features for the</span><br /><span>detection of unbalance and rub faults. Pre-processing of the vibration signal is showed to amplify</span><br /><span>relevant spectral features improving the classification success.</span><br /><span>Results based on the data collected with a simple test rig that allow the simulation of rub and/or</span><br /><span>unbalance fault(s) are presented. For Neural Networks the results show that the performance of</span><br /><span>Self-Organizing Map (SOM) gives higher classification rate than the Feed-Forward Neural</span><br /><span>Networks (FFNN). A compound Neural Network with wavelet has classified the correct condition</span><br /><span>in over 99% of cases.</span>https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_82601_97ea06a5819eb928ad912f37b9bc4ea9.pdfMenoufia University, Faculty of EngineeringERJ. Engineering Research Journal1110-118027120040101A ROBUST CONTROL STRATEGY FOR COORDINATED TCSC AND SVC TO DAMP ELECTROMECHANICAL OSCILLATIONS IN A MULTI-MACHINE POWER SYSTEM25298260310.21608/erjm.2004.82603ENA.A. Nour EldeenDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
Helwan University of Helwan, Cairo,AhmedH. ElassalDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
Helwan University of Helwan, Cairo,Journal Article20200415<br /><span>This paper examines the enhancement of power system stability properties via using thyristor</span><br /><span>controlled series capacitors (TCSCs) and static VAR compensators (SVCs). A control strategy is</span><br /><span>developed to enhance the damping of the electromechanical oscillations using Linear Quadratic</span><br /><span>Gaussian technique (LQG). Using this control strategy each device (TCSC and SVC) will</span><br /><span>contribute to the damping of electromechanical power oscillations. The power system is examined</span><br /><span>over a wide range of operation conditions and different fault locations. Simulation results showed</span><br /><span>that the proposed controller with TCSC and SVC provides good damping for the power system and</span><br /><span>consequently the dynamic performance is improved. The adopted controller gives a better response</span><br /><span>compared to the conventional thyristor controlled series capacitors and static VAR compensator.</span>https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_82603_7e5c08a881144990731341e841118080.pdfMenoufia University, Faculty of EngineeringERJ. Engineering Research Journal1110-118027120040101REUTILIZATION OF RECYCLED CONCRETE AS CONCRETE COARSE AGGREGATE31388260410.21608/erjm.2004.82604ENAymanGamalEngineering Materials Dep., Faculty of Engineering,
Zagazig University, Zagazig, EGYPT.FaizA. MirzaCivil Engineering Dep., Faculty of Engineering and Islamic Arch.
Umm - Elqura University, Maka, SUADI ARABIAJournal Article20200415<span>Demolished concrete which became million tons annually, so reuse of these concrete represents</span><br /><span>a new source of aggregate. The aim of this paper is to study experimentally the effect of using</span><br /><span>recycled crushed concrete as a coarse aggregate in concrete mix. The main variables considered in</span><br /><span>this study were the recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) content (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% by weight)</span><br /><span>as substitution of natural aggregate (NA) and Cement content (250, 300, 350 and 400 kg/m”). The</span><br /><span>strength development under compressive and tensile stresses was measured. Test results showed</span><br /><span>that the behavior of concrete that contained recycled concrete aggregate and that contained natural</span><br /><span>aggregate are nearly the same under compression and tension stress. The compressive strength</span><br /><span>increases by increasing the recycled aggregate content from 25% up to 100%. The tensile strength</span><br /><span>has optimum value at 50% recycled concrete aggregate content. Also it was found that the</span><br /><span>compressive and tensile strengths of recycled concrete aggregate specimens were increased by</span><br /><span>increasing cement content from 250 kg/m² up to 400 kg/m'. This is mainly due to the high</span><br /><span>reactivity of the recycled concrete and cause alkali-silica bi-reaction.</span>https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_82604_8f81e609ca25e699a9af331fc5d62dce.pdfMenoufia University, Faculty of EngineeringERJ. Engineering Research Journal1110-118027120040101DURABILITY OF GLASS FIBER REINFORCED MORTAR39488260710.21608/erjm.2004.82607ENA.A. M. BadawyMaterials Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering,
Zagazig University, EGYPTM.H. SeleemMaterials Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering,
Zagazig University, EGYPTE.M. Y. AbdinMaterials Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering,
Zagazig University, EGYPTA.H. H. El- SaforyMaterials Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering,
Zagazig University, EGYPTJournal Article20200415<span>In this work, the durability of glass fiber reinforced mortar, GFRM, was experimentally</span><br /><span>investigated. The evaluation was based on the performance of the composite under three</span><br /><span>mechanical tests (compression, indirect tension and flexural). The GFRM specimens were exposed</span><br /><span>to four-environmental attack. These include air, water, chloride and sulfate. The specimens were</span><br /><span>tested after 28, 180, 360 and 540 days. The effect of fiber volume fractions, (V+=0, 1, 2 and 3 %)</span><br /><span>was considered. The effect of using sulfate resistant cement and addition of 10% silica fume to the</span><br /><span>ordinary Portland cement on the durability of the GFRM was undertaken. Test results indicated</span><br /><span>that the addition of glass fiber has a small effect on the compressive strength of GFRM specimens.</span><br /><span>The presence of glass fiber in the cement-based mortar enhanced the relative compressive strength</span><br /><span>of the composite stored in sulfate. There is a general increase in the tensile and flexural strengths</span><br /><span>with increasing fiber volume fraction. The addition of 10% silica fume enhanced the compressive</span><br /><span>and tensile strengths of the specimens stored in water media at all ages but for specimens stored in</span><br /><span>sulfate it enhanced up to 180 days and after that they decreased. Sulfate resistant cement enhanced</span><br /><span>the compressive and tensile strengths of GFRM stored in sulfate media compared to those</span><br /><span>specimens stored in water media.</span>https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_82607_4a32cb8206e6a3507df732d817ca4794.pdfMenoufia University, Faculty of EngineeringERJ. Engineering Research Journal1110-118027120040101THERMO-CHEMICAL STABILITY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MORTAR MADE WITH CEMENT KILN DUST- BLENDED CEMENT49588261010.21608/erjm.2004.82610ENAyman XGamalEngineering Materials Dept, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.M.MShoaibChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt.M.MBalahaEngineering Materials Dept, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.Journal Article20200415<span>The aim of the present investigation is to study the effect of elevated temperature on the</span><br /><span>mineralogical structure, chemical characteristics and mechanical properties of mortar prepared</span><br /><span>from cement kiln dust -blended cement with proportion 5, 10, 15, 20% of two types of cement</span><br /><span>(OPC and BFSC). Cubical samples were cast, molded and cured under tap water for 28 days and</span><br /><span>then left in air under normal atmospheric conditions for about three years. These samples were</span><br /><span>subjected to elevated temperature: 300, 400, 500 and 600 °C for 2 hrs, then the compressive</span><br /><span>strength variation of the hardened samples were studied. Weight loss and X-Ray diffraction</span><br /><span>analysis were also used to investigate the phase transformations in these materials. Visual</span><br /><span>observation of macro-cracks created due to heating and the carbonation depths were also</span><br /><span>identified. Results of this investigation showed that, mortar strength is affected and gradual break</span><br /><span>down is observed, at temperatures up to 600°C, as well as with increasing of the blended cement</span><br /><span>kiln dust percent. The carbonation depth demonstrated by Ph.Ph. test for OPC-CKD is more than</span><br /><span>in case of BFSC-CKD blends especially at high temperature. The hardened mortars made with</span><br /><span>BFSC gives a thermal stability more than that in case of OPC samples.</span>https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_82610_bc01c253b2da0256a63c6232f9fad8e0.pdfMenoufia University, Faculty of EngineeringERJ. Engineering Research Journal1110-118027120040101USE OF GEOTEXTILE AS A REINFORCEMENT FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT OVERLAY59718261110.21608/erjm.2004.82611ENS.A. El-HamrawyFaculty of Eng., Minoufiya UniversityH.A. AfifyFaculty of Eng., Tanta University,U.G.Abdel-MageedFaculty of Eng., Tanta University,Journal Article20200415<span>Pavement distresses are numerous and they differ in their shape, type, and origin causes.</span><br /><span>Cracking is one of the most commonly observed distresses in asphalt pavement. Hence if these</span><br /><span>cracks reflect up to the new overlay, this reduce the service life and the serviceability of the</span><br /><span>pavement thus lead to a heavy burden on the exchequer. This investigation studies the effect of</span><br /><span>reinforcing the new overlay by geotextile and its influence on the performance of pavement and on</span><br /><span>retarding the speed of reflective cracking propagation. So asphaltic beam specimens reinforced</span><br /><span>with two types of reinforcement (ALYAF PU 14 nonwoven geotextile and HaTelit c reinforced</span><br /><span>geogrid) in the middle as well as in the lower third of the beam depth were tested under the three -</span><br /><span>point bending test. The prepared beams include beams with and without initial crack to simulate</span><br /><span>the cracked and uncracked layers in the field. The results of three - point bending test were</span><br /><span>collected and analyzed by fracture mechanics parameters (fracture toughness KIC, GIC, and J-</span><br /><span>Integral) and crack depth ratio, Zr, at failure.</span><br /><span>Results show that involving the reinforcement can relevant the speed of crack propagation into the</span><br /><span>new overlay and consequently prolong the economic life of the construction. Improve load</span><br /><span>carrying capacity via reducing the tensile stress peaks, absorbing some horizontal tensile stresses,</span><br /><span>and providing a uniform distribution of loads over a large area. Also HaTelit c geogrid appeared</span><br /><span>results better than Alyaf PU 14 nonwoven geotextile.</span>https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_82611_c74c2defec3c71ab903ef5177b8fc0dd.pdfMenoufia University, Faculty of EngineeringERJ. Engineering Research Journal1110-118027120040101EFFECT OF MOISTURE CONTENT ON DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF UNBOUND BASE COURSES73828261310.21608/erjm.2004.82613ENS.A.El-HamrawyFaculty of Engineering, Minoufiya University, Shebin El-Kom, EgyptK.E. El-HoseinyFaculty of Engineering, Minoufiya University, Shebin El-Kom, EgyptA.Abou-ElmaatyFaculty of Engineering, Minoufiya University, Shebin El-Kom, EgyptJournal Article20200415<span>he design of flexible pavements involves a study of the behavior of soils and paving materials</span><br /><span>under traffic and environmental conditions. The pavement may be exposed to different moisture</span><br /><span>contents. This variation in moisture content influences the flexible pavement performance causing</span><br /><span>plastic deformation or rutting.</span><br /><span>The results of an experimental program utilizing a test-model for determination of the plastic and</span><br /><span>elastic deformation along the model centerline are presented for pavement unbound granular base</span><br /><span>materials. A limestone base course, which usually used in north Egypt was manually compacted</span><br /><span>and tested by plate loading test at four moisture contents. The four selected moisture contents are</span><br /><span>(optimum moisture content (OMC, OMC -2%, OMC+1.5% and OMC+3%). Moreover, the finite</span><br /><span>element program, FENLAP was selected to predict the base course deformation at different</span><br /><span>moisture contents.</span><br /><span>It was found that the effect of moisture content was very significant on the modulus of elasticity</span><br /><span>and the deformation that accumulated in granular base materials. The highest modulus of elasticity</span><br /><span>and the lowest deformation were occurred at OMC.</span>https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_82613_61a9850236dab0041e2d4ed0a3ba4de8.pdfMenoufia University, Faculty of EngineeringERJ. Engineering Research Journal1110-118027120040101STRENGTH OF SHORT SQUARE COLUMNS CONFINED WITH GFRP WRAPS83908261410.21608/erjm.2004.82614ENMohamedSafanFaculty of Engineering, Minoufiya University, Shebin El-Kom, EgyptJournal Article20200415<span>This research reports the results of an experimental investigation carried out on short</span><br /><span>noncircular columns strengthened with GFRP wraps. A total number of 45 specimens</span><br /><span>(100x100x500mm) were tested under concentric loads. The major parameters of the study were</span><br /><span>the strengthening configuration including the number of GFRP layers and extension of the</span><br /><span>composite along the column height, volume fraction of the transverse reinforcement and degree of</span><br /><span>column surface roughness. Using the hand lay-up technique, continuous layers of a woven</span><br /><span>fiberglass fabric were bonded along the column height to introduce a confining pressure, which</span><br /><span>increases the apparent concrete compressive strength and consequently the column capacity. The</span><br /><span>results indicated that significant increase in the ultimate load and ductility improvement could be</span><br /><span>achieved by proper application of GFRP wraps.</span>https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_82614_ba281b8931db458ac2a64bbe9e8d0e82.pdfMenoufia University, Faculty of EngineeringERJ. Engineering Research Journal1110-118027120040101SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF EPOXY RESINS BASED ON DIFFERENT BISPHENOLS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF LOCAL ASPHALT911018261510.21608/erjm.2004.82615ENE.A. HassanFaculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.S.A. El-Kholygyptian Petroleum Research Institute( EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
ABSTRACTA.M.M. Abd El-Rahmangyptian Petroleum Research Institute( EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
ABSTRACTI.M. Nassargyptian Petroleum Research Institute( EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
ABSTRACTJournal Article20200415<span>Four types of bisphenols and their respective low molecular weight epoxy resins (I, II, III and</span><br /><span>IV) were prepared and characterized. Each of the obtained epoxy resins was applied as an additive</span><br /><span>(together with high temperature hardener) to two types of local asphalt (L and H types) having</span><br /><span>different compositions.</span><br /><span>The resulting data of the validity of the obtained mixtures concerning the improved properties of</span><br /><span>asphalt [penetration, softening point, calculated penetration temperature susceptibility (PTI) and</span><br /><span>penetration index (PI)] are based upon the effect of the quantity and type of epoxy resin, type of</span><br /><span>the hardener used and also by comparison with the results obtained in presence of the commercial</span><br /><span>epoxy resin (V) which has a specified low temperature hardener. The optimum conditions obtained</span><br /><span>for the formulations which lead to the best properties are taken into consideration in the</span><br /><span>application of such formulations for the improvement of the asphalt to be used in different</span><br /><span>purposes.</span><br /><span>Data obtained revealed that improved asphalt either (H) or (L) type with epoxy III and hardener</span><br /><span>(1) gave highest values of softening point and penetration grade as compared with unmodified</span><br /><span>parent asphalt.</span>https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_82615_53ee58966a35959c60829546e477ebe3.pdfMenoufia University, Faculty of EngineeringERJ. Engineering Research Journal1110-118027120040101CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF ASPHALT MODIFIED WITH SOME THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS1031138261710.21608/erjm.2004.82617ENSA. El-KholyEgyptian Petroleum Research Institute( EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.E.A. HassanFaculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.A.M.M. Abd El-RahmanEgyptian Petroleum Research Institute( EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.I.M. NassarEgyptian Petroleum Research Institute( EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200415<span>Some commercial thermoplastic polymers such as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR),</span><br /><span>polyacrylonitrile (K), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) and polychloroprene (PC) are used for</span><br /><span>the modification of two types of asphalt which are: asphalt 60/70 Suez (L) and asphalt 80/100</span><br /><span>Alex (H). The best ratio of modifying polymer to be added by hot mixing method at 150-170°C to</span><br /><span>asphalt, was determined by measuring the values of penetration, softening point, penetration</span><br /><span>temperature susceptibility (PTS) and penetration index (PI) for the obtained cooled blended</span><br /><span>formulations.</span><br /><span>For asphalt (L), such optimum ratio was 6% for (SBR and PP), 9% for (PS) and 12% for (PC),</span><br /><span>while in case of asphalt (H) the optimum ratio was 6% for (SBR), 9% for (PP and K) and 12% for</span><br /><span>(PS and PC).</span><br /><span>Dynamic viscosity tests i.e. shearing in (RV 12) for 5 mins at a high shear rate of 1198.08s?</span><br /><span>and then for 10 mins at a low shear rate of 149.76s", at different temperatures (30, 40, 50 and</span><br /><span>60°C) showed that formulation samples LSBR and HSBR have high yield stress values (To) which</span><br /><span>give promising indications about the validity of their possible use for pavement. Moreover</span><br /><span>formulations based on asphalt (H) and modified with SBR gave the highest value of tensile</span><br /><span>strength as well as thermal stability at 250°C for time period of 150 hours. All the prepared</span><br /><span>formulations modified with such thermoplastic polymers were resistant to different application</span><br /><span>media as compared with parent unmodified asphalt.</span>https://erjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_82617_596660a145ccf3d81af9bd75498ed49e.pdf