Assessing the Conformity of Biophilic Design to Green Building Rating Systems for Human Well-being

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 BSC. CPM, School of Construction, SAIT, Calgary, AB, Canada

2 Professor of Urban Design

Abstract

This paper explores the relationship between certified green buildings and biophilic design principles, focusing on how well biophilic elements are integrated into Green Building Rating Tools (GBRTs). The study compares three widely used GBRTs—LEED, BREEAM, and the Living Building Challenge (LBC)—against the WELL Building Standard, which most explicitly incorporates biophilic design. Using WELL as a benchmark, the research team conducted a detailed review of published crosswalks and alignment documents to assess the equivalency of WELL’s seven concepts and 100 features with those of the other GBRTs. Weighted scores were assigned based on the degree of overlap.



Findings reveal both opportunities and limitations in aligning biophilic design with existing GBRTs. While partial equivalency is achievable, full alignment remains challenging due to the scientific rigor and performance-based nature of WELL features. LEED demonstrated the highest level of alignment, with 59% of WELL features considered equivalent. BREEAM followed with 36%, indicating moderate compatibility. In contrast, LBC showed only 8% equivalency, largely due to its emphasis on actual performance rather than prescriptive criteria.



This comparative analysis offers valuable insights for architects, designers, and policymakers aiming to create more integrated and sustainable built environments. It highlights the importance of embedding biophilic design principles into green building certifications to enhance human well-being and environmental performance. The study contributes to the evolving discourse on sustainable design by identifying gaps and synergies between rating systems, ultimately advocating for a more holistic approach to green building practices.

Keywords

ERJ. Engineering Research Journal

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 09 July 2025

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